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    Home»Technology»Backend»MybatisPlus数据库读写分离的后端实现
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    MybatisPlus数据库读写分离的后端实现

    brock GBy brock GAugust 13, 2023Updated:August 13, 2023No Comments2 Mins Read
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    数据库后端读写分离的必要性

    数据库后端读写分离是一种数据库架构优化策略,它将数据库的读操作和写操作分别分配到不同的数据库实例上,以提高系统的性能、可扩展性和稳定性。以下是数据库后端读写分离的几个必要性:

    1. 读写负载均衡:在许多应用中,读操作的频率远高于写操作,将读操作和写操作分开可以有效地均衡负载,减轻主数据库的负担,提高系统整体性能。
    2. 提升读性能:将读操作分配给多个从数据库实例可以并行处理读请求,从而提高读取性能。从数据库通常专注于处理查询,能够更好地应对读取压力。
    3. 保障写的可用性:将写操作集中在主数据库上,可以有效地控制数据的一致性和事务。主数据库通常提供高可用和数据保护的措施,确保数据写入的可靠性。
    4. 降低单点故障风险:通过使用主从复制架构,即使主数据库发生故障,从数据库仍然可以提供读服务,减少了单点故障的影响。
    5. 灾备和数据保护:从数据库可以用作数据备份和灾备。通过将数据从主库同步到从库,实现数据的冗余存储,以应对主数据库故障或数据损坏情况。
    6. 适应扩展需求:随着业务的发展,数据库访问压力会增加。通过读写分离,可以将数据库实例垂直拆分,为每个实例提供适当的硬件资源,实现更好的扩展性。
    7. 降低锁争用:在一些情况下,写操作可能引发锁争用问题,影响读取性能。将读写操作分开可以缓解这些问题,提升整体性能。
    8. 减少主库压力:主数据库通常负责处理事务等核心写操作,通过将读操作分发到从数据库,减轻了主数据库的压力,提升其性能和可用性。

    需要注意的是,数据库后端读写分离并不适用于所有场景,需要根据实际业务需求和数据库访问模式来决定是否采用。它需要合理规划和设计,确保数据的一致性、可靠性和正确性。

    MybatisPlus 实现数据库读写分离

    MyBatis-Plus是一个在MyBatis基础上的增强工具包,它提供了更多便捷的操作和功能,包括数据库读写分离。下面是使用MyBatis-Plus实现数据库读写分离的基本步骤:

    1. 引入依赖:首先,在你的项目中引入MyBatis-Plus的依赖。
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>最新版本</version>
    </dependency>
    1. 配置主从数据源:配置主库和从库的数据源,类似于你在使用MyBatis时配置的方式。
    # 主库配置
    spring.datasource.master.url=jdbc:mysql://master-host:3306/master_db
    spring.datasource.master.username=master_username
    spring.datasource.master.password=master_password
    
    # 从库配置
    spring.datasource.slave.url=jdbc:mysql://slave-host:3306/slave_db
    spring.datasource.slave.username=slave_username
    spring.datasource.slave.password=slave_password
    1. 配置读写分离策略:MyBatis-Plus提供了SqlSessionFactory的Wrapper,可以在这里设置读写分离策略。
    @Configuration
    public class DataSourceConfig {
    
        @Autowired
        private DataSourceProperties dataSourceProperties;
    
        @Bean(name = "masterDataSource")
        @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master")
        public DataSource masterDataSource() {
            return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
        }
    
        @Bean(name = "slaveDataSource")
        @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.slave")
        public DataSource slaveDataSource() {
            return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
        }
    
        @Primary
        @Bean(name = "dynamicDataSource")
        public DataSource dynamicDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource,
                                            @Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource slaveDataSource) {
            Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
            targetDataSources.put("master", masterDataSource);
            targetDataSources.put("slave", slaveDataSource);
    
            DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
            dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
            dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);
    
            return dynamicDataSource;
        }
    
        @Bean
        public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DataSource dynamicDataSource) throws Exception {
            MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean();
            sessionFactory.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);
            sessionFactory.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:/mapper/**/*.xml"));
            // 其他MyBatis-Plus配置
            return sessionFactory.getObject();
        }
    }
    1. 使用MyBatis-Plus的读写分离策略:通过使用SqlSessionFactory的Wrapper,你可以在MyBatis-Plus中配置读写分离策略。
    @Configuration
    public class MyBatisPlusConfig {
    
        @Autowired
        @Qualifier("sqlSessionFactory")
        private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    
        @Bean
        public SqlSessionFactoryWrapper sqlSessionFactoryWrapper() {
            SqlSessionFactoryWrapper wrapper = new SqlSessionFactoryWrapper();
            wrapper.setTargetSqlSessionFactory(sqlSessionFactory);
            // 配置读写分离策略
            wrapper.setReadDataSourceSelector(new DynamicDataSourceRouter());
            return wrapper;
        }
    }
    1. 定义读写分离路由器:创建一个读写分离路由器,用于根据操作类型选择数据源。
    public class DynamicDataSourceRouter implements ReadDataSourceSelector {
    
        @Override
        public DataSource getSlaveReadDataSource(MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object o, BoundSql boundSql) {
            // 根据操作类型选择从库数据源
            SqlCommandType sqlCommandType = mappedStatement.getSqlCommandType();
            if (SqlCommandType.SELECT.equals(sqlCommandType)) {
                return DataSourceContextHolder.getSlaveDataSource(); // 自定义从库选择逻辑
            }
            return null; // 返回null表示使用主库
        }
    }
    1. 配置DataSourceContextHolder:这是一个上下文工具类,用于设置和获取当前线程的数据源标识。
    public class DataSourceContextHolder {
    
        private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
    
        public static void setDataSource(String dataSourceType) {
            contextHolder.set(dataSourceType);
        }
    
        public static String getDataSource() {
            return contextHolder.get();
        }
    
        public static void clearDataSource() {
            contextHolder.remove();
        }
    
        // 其他方法...
    }
    1. 自定义注解:你还可以创建自定义注解,以在方法上标识使用哪个数据源。
    @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    public @interface ReadDataSource {
    }
    1. AOP拦截:使用AOP拦截自定义注解,根据注解来设置数据源。
    @Aspect
    @Component
    public class Read
    
    DataSourceInterceptor {
    
        @Before("@annotation(readDataSource)")
        public void setReadDataSource(JoinPoint joinPoint, ReadDataSource readDataSource) {
            DataSourceContextHolder.setDataSource("slave");
        }
    
        @After("@annotation(readDataSource)")
        public void clearReadDataSource(JoinPoint joinPoint, ReadDataSource readDataSource) {
            DataSourceContextHolder.clearDataSource();
        }
    }

    通过以上步骤,你已经实现了使用MyBatis-Plus进行数据库读写分离。需要注意的是,这只是一个基本的示例,你可能需要根据你的应用需求进行适当的调整和定制。

    backend database MybatisPlus
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    brock G

    Developer, crypto enthusiast, and blockchain advocate, I am driven by the convergence of my coding prowess and my deep passion for cryptocurrencies. My journey in the world of blockchain technology has ignited my excitement for its disruptive and transformative potential. Beyond my technical endeavors, I'm also a skilled editor, finely tuning the written word with precision and artistry. Whether it's crafting elegant lines of code or polishing prose to perfection, I find joy in the creative and logical aspects of both worlds and thrive on the challenge of making complex ideas accessible and actionable.

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